Ebook Civil War Prisons, by William B. Hesseltine
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Civil War Prisons, by William B. Hesseltine
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First published in 1962 as a special edition of Civil War History journal, Civil War Prisons remains the standard on the topic. Editor Hesseltine tackles the historiography of northern and southern prisons during the American Civil War. He attempts to bring closure to the legendary northern myth that the Southern government did its best to “exterminate” Union prisoners by calling the effective northern war propaganda a wartime “psychosis.” Furthermore, the author offers his analysis over the much debated prisoner exchange system, and comes down hard on the North, especially its government and General Ulysses S. Grant, for their questionable approach to this issue. For all the serious scholarship and popular writing devoted to the American Civil War, the topic of prisoner-of-war camps, more than any other, retains the feeling of horror and passion that characterized the war years themselves, “Men held captive under such circumstances, guilty of no offense other than the deplorable misfortune of having been captured by the enemy, suffer tremendous psychological punishment as well as physical hardship. Monotony, estrangement and fear, along with privation and often brutality, combine to create nearly as wretched a quality of human life as is imaginable. The sufferings of Civil War prisoners (are) documented in this re-issue of an early number of the journal Civil War History… .Recounted there… .are prisoner experiences in four Confederate installations: Andersonville, Georgia; Libby in Richmond, Virginia; Cahaba, Alabama; and Charleston, South Carolina. The remaining articles treat conditions in four Union prisons: Fort Warren in Boston harbor; Rock Island, Illinois; Elmira, New York; and Johnson’s Island on Lake Erie… .in addition to some examples of sparkling and vivid prose, this volume contains a number of excellent photographs as well as an introduction by the late William B. Hesseltine… .”—Kenneth B. Shover, The Historian
- Sales Rank: #1048459 in eBooks
- Published on: 1972-06-15
- Released on: 2013-06-24
- Format: Kindle eBook
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Goodbear
Very informative overall view of the subject.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
New interpretations needed
By Michael J. Sopher
In a field where new scholarship is not only recommended but needed, Hesseltine's Civil War Prisons- written seventy-five years ago- remains a standard on the topic. Hesseltine tackles the previous historiography of northern and southern prisons during the American Civil War. The author attempts to bring closure to the legendary northern myth that the Southern government did its best to "exterminate" Union prisoners by calling the effective northern war propaganda a wartime "psychosis." Furthermore, the author offers his analysis over the much debated prisoner exchange system, and comes down hard on the North, especially its government and General Ulysses S. Grant, for their questionable approach to this issue.
It almost appears as if Civil War Prisons comes from a Southern perspective with some northern sympathy. While Hesseltine accuses northerners of creating this wartime psychosis, and literally blames them for creating a public frenzy, no mention is recorded of how it was organized, why it occurred, and who was responsible for it. Additionally, the author leaves little criticism for the Southern mistreatment of Union prisoners, but does discuss the problems at Andersonville and other Confederate camps. In addition, the author dismisses the Southern notion that Confederate prisoners suffered the same or worst fate at Northern camps. However, though in no way a Southern apologist, Hesseltine's upbringing in Virginia remains filtered throughout the book as the author appears to have trouble "criticizing" the South.
The focal argument deals with the prisoner exchange system in which the author blames Lincoln and Grant for not exchanging prisoners of war during the last two years of the conflict. Hesseltine questions the motives of the two popular northern leaders-further arguing Hesseltine as a progressive historian similar to scholars of that genre- and labels them as hypocrites who wanted black soldiers as part of the cartel, but in reality only used that as a covering for limiting Southern manpower by not participating in this system. Even with the suffering of Union prisoners known by the administration, Hesseltine argues that this approach made it more appetizing to the public who could not fathom why Lincoln would not bring these prisoners home.
Obviously, more scholarship is needed in this area and new approaches could be attempted to reevaluate the black prisoner issue. Moreover, a look at the southern policies of this cartel would have balanced the argument. Also, the author does not discuss the treatment of African American prisoners in Southern camps for various reasons, and, therefore, questions can arise as to his motivations for this exemption. But to immediately chastise Hessletine as a southern sympathizer or one, who ignored the reasons for the no exchange, would be unfair. The author did not ignore the evidence or twist the material to a pro-southern meaning. He relied more on the dependable, but at times, overstated Official Records as the primary source for the book. In the 1930's, the evidence on Lincoln and Grant supported Hesseltine's argument that limiting Southern manpower took precedence over the exchange of black prisoners. Furthermore, a lack of personal papers, unpublished government sources, antebellum newspapers, and other material pardons Hessletine for not having every imaginable approach to this topic. Therefore, although Civil War Prisons remains outdated, it can be classified as an important and useful contribution to the topic of Civil War prisons and prisoners.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
EXTREMELY GOOD BASIC WORK. Note that there is quite a lot of confussion amongst reviewers here on which book is being reviewed.
By D. Blankenship
First we need to address the issue of just what work is being reviewed here and which book is being sold on this product page. As another reviewer here, Kerry Walters, has so well pointed out, several reviewers have mistaken this work edited by William B. Hesseltine, with a work actually written by Hesseltine around 1930 entitled "Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology." The book being reviewed here is "Civil War Prisons," which is the small volume published and released by The Kent State University Press in 1962. We are addressing two quite different works. Hesseltine's original work, which as noted was issued about 1930 has its own set of problems; if problems you chose to call them, and issues completely separate than those addressed in this work. Readers do take note of this...it makes very big difference in how this book is approached. (Note: Hesseltine's 1930s work is good but, in my opinion, should be approached with caution. Hesseltine has tried his best to be neutral in his assessments, but this sympathies bleed through here and there and again, in my opinion, he does not give a completely balanced overview....but of course each reader should make up their own mind on this subject.)
Civil War Prisons, Edited by William B. Hesseltine, the actual book being reviewed here, is a collection of essays (or articles), which address different prisons which existed during the Civil War. These articles and their authors include:
Civil War Prisons - Introduction, by William B. Hesseltine
Prison Life at Andersonville, by Ovid Futch
The Military Prison at Fort Warren, by Minor H. McLain
Rock Island Prison Barracks, by T.R. Walker
A General Behind Bars: Neal Dow in Libby Prison, edited by Frank L. Byrne
The Scourge of Elmira, by James I. Robertson Jr.
Johnson's Island, by Edward T. Downer
Cahaba to Charleston: The Prison Odyssey of Lt. Edmund E. Ryan, by William M. Armstrong (A distant relative of my wife...of great interest to us personally).
This 124 page small volume relies heavily on first hand accounts of selected men who were actual prisoners during the time of the War and shortly after. The compiler has made a good effort in giving a good cross section of experiences, but of course the reader should note that these are stories of a few, attempting to tell the story of literally thousands and as such, the accounts recorded in this volume might quite well be rather myopic in some cases. Like any battle in any war, there are as many opinions of how the battle went as there were men involved...each has his own story and take on the situation.
The intention of this work was not meant to be a complete and comprehensive study of Civil War POWs, nor an all inclusive study of each of the infamous prisons involved. No, this is a collection of first hand accounts, enhanced by comments by each of the authors of each of the essays. Despite the notorious inaccuracies of many first-hand accounts, due to dimmed memories, the "war story syndrome," personal prejudices and the like, they are, from my personal likes and dislikes, my favorite. But that being said, the reader should take this into consideration when reading such material as this.
Since Hesseltine's 1930s work was published, and indeed since this volume was published, much research has been accomplished and we now have plethora of literature covering this subject with more being offered each year. This work in no way is the beginning and end of such studies but it is a great starting point for those unfamiliar with the subject. It is what I considered a "seed" work; one that should, when planted, encourage the interested reader to grow and seek out other, more in-depth studies on the subject.
I am giving this one five stars because I personally feel that it serves the function for which it is meant. It is a scholarly work but presented in a fashion which is highly readable and simply interesting and informative. It is a basic overview and a good beginning of a study of an aspect of our history which we should all be aware.
Don Blankenship
The Ozarks
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